Lewisia rediviva (Bitterroot)

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Bitterroot is widespread in the western United States, ranging from Washington and California eastward to Montana (where it is the state flower), The currently accepted scientific name of bitterroot is Lewisia rediviva Pursh. There are two recognized varieties: Lewisia rediviva var. rediviva and Lewisia rediviva var. minor (Rydb.) Munz. The latter variety occurs in the mountains of Nevada and southern California. It’s distinguished by smaller flowers.

The Pacific Northwest abounds with native plants that bring beauty to the home garden while offering food and shelter to birds, bees, butterflies, and other wildlife. Showy lewisias stand out in the rock garden, and with patience, you can also propagate them in pots. While many types of Lewisia cotyledon can be found in nurseries, and in various mountains, Lewisia rediviva is found higher in the mountains of Washington, Oregon, Utah and especially Montana, the state’s plant.

Photo by Gary Monroe. Courtesy of USDA, Forest  Service Department of Agriculture.
Lewisia rediviva showing slightly rounded tips. Photo by Gary Monroe. Courtesy of USDA, Forest Service Department of Agriculture.

This lewisia, one of many, Iooks like a rediviva, but notice the pointed edges on the tip of each leaf. Perhaps it was cross pollinated or even a sport.

Cotoneaster salicifolius

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This evergreen shrub is only one example of the Cotoneaster genus, which is huge. The difficulty of cotoneasters is identifying the many species available, though some are abundant and are easily identified. I believe the two photos pictured here are indeed Cotoneaster salicifolius. (Common name, Willowleaf Cotoneaster).

Cotoneaster salicifolius

Cotoneaster salicifolius, AKA willow leaf, is native to the mountains of western China. An evergreen shrub, 6-8(15) ft [1.8-2.4(4.5) m], spreading, arching to horizontal.   Leaves alternate, simple, willow-like, 4-9 cm long and 0.8-2.0 cm wide, 5-willow-leaved cotoneaster (Cotoneaster salicifolius) has relatively long and narrow leaves (25-90 mm long) with dark green, glossy and hairless (i.e. glabrous) upper surfaces. Dark green, wrinkled above, pubescent and glaucous below, while some yellow and red leaves in late fall and winter are a special treat.

Common Snow Berry: Symphoricarpos albus

The plant you see close up is a favorite native widely found in the Pacific Northwest. You’ll also find it in Southeast Alaska all the way to Southern California. And all across the northern United States, the Canadian provinces, including Washington State and Oregon.

Common Snowberry is an erect deciduous shrub which can grow 2’-5’ tall and spread out to 4’-6’ wide in a rounded thicket spreading by root suckers. Limbs are multi-branched, slender and have brown, shreddy bark.

When winter gives way to spring, tiny leaf buds unfold into simple but often irregular, oval-shaped leaves (1–3 cm long to 6 cm on new shoots). The new shoots often have larger leaves with hairy undersides and are the most irregular shaped. They can be deeply lobed. The leaf margins (edges) can be smooth, lobed, or wavy-toothed. Leaves grow opposite on multi-branched limbs. Tiny, inconspicuous pinkish flowers (4–6 mm long) hang in clusters on the ends of branches. Similar to other species in the Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family, snowberry flowers are distinctly bell-shaped.

In late summer and autumn, fertilized flowers develop into round green fruits, which ripen into puffy white berries (8–12 mm across). Eventually, the green leaves turn yellow and fall from the branches leaving behind the berries that persist on the shrub through winter.

Snowberry has long been grown as an ornamental shrub in home gardens. Winter is its most conspicuous season, where its white berries stand out against leafless branches. Its dainty pinkish flowers are also attractive.  Symphoricarpos albus spreads by root suckers and is best given plenty of space to create a wild thicket.  It tolerates poor soil and neglect.  It is great for controlling erosion on slopes, riparian plantings, and for restoration.

Naturalized in the eastern United States, which means that it is not native to that region but over time it has proved to thrive and establish populations on its own volition and mine reclamation projects.

As for the scientific name? Symphoricarpos albus originates from the Greek word, symphorein, meaning bear together and carpos or karpos in Greek means fruit; and albus is white. Therefore, snowberry is named for its white fruit that grows or bears together in closely packed clusters.

Information of this particular post included the Plant Database of the United States Department of Agriculture. https://plants.usda.gov/home Both images were photographed by Bart Arenson in the woods of Vashon Island .